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. 2019 Oct 25;6:150. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00150

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The intracellular localization pattern of STAT3 affects autophagy regulation. The activation of STAT3 downstream of cytokine or tyrosine kinase receptors induces its Y705 phosphorylation and dimerization. STAT3 dimers translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to DNA in order to up- or down-regulate autophagy related genes. In addition to nuclear STAT3, unphosphorylated cytoplasmic STAT3 also regulates autophagy. Unphosphorylated cytoplasmic STAT3 sequesters FOXO and Eif2ak2. FOXO translocates into the nucleus and upregulates multiple autophagy-related genes, while Eif2ak2 phosphorylates Eif2A that regulates autophagy through its nuclear translocation. The image of DNA was adapted from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/).