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. 2019 Oct 25;6:150. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00150

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Copyright © 2019 Harhous, Booz, Ovize, Bidaux and Kurdi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The involvement of STAT3 in cellular metabolism. STAT3 plays an important role in establishing glycolysis-dependent energy derivation, via the Warburg effect. This is mediated by several connections between STAT3 and hypoxia responsive factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). Following oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), the levels of HIF-1α increase and cause an increase in pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) levels. PKM2 induces the phosphorylation of STAT3, which induces the expression of HIF-1α. In parallel, STAT3 also decreases the expression of mitochondrial genes. All these incidences finally favor anaerobic glycolysis and decrease electron transport chain activity and aerobic respiration. The images of DNA and mitochondria were adapted from Servier Medical Art (https://smart.servier.com/).