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Fixed effect model.
| Variables | GDP | NRM | TI | NIP | NVO | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p value | −0.194011a (<0.0001) | 284.0369b (0.0277) | −13.93141a (<0.0001) | 7.327572c (0.0573) | 21.77289a (0.0003) | 92.90571 |
Note: a, b and c indicate the significant levels of 1%, 5% and 10% respectively, with p value in parentheses.
GDP: gross domestic product, NRM: new road mileage, TI: traffic investment, NIP: newly increased population, NVO: new vehicle ownership.
