Fig. 5.

Effect of ginsenoside Rd on the nasal allergy symptoms and allergic rhinitis (AR) biomarker expression in the nasal mucosa and blood of mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR. (A) Effect on (a) nasal allergy symptoms and (b) nasal IL-4 and (c) IL-5 levels. (B) Effect on blood (a) IL-4, (b) IL-5, and (c) IgE levels. Cytokine and IgE levels were measured using ELISA kits. The control group was treated with vehicle instead of OVA and test agents. Test agents (vehicle or ginsenoside Rd [20 mg/kg/day]) were administered orally daily for 5 days for treating mice with OVA-induced AR. Data are shown as box plots (n = 8). Means with the same letters are not significantly different (p < 0.05).

ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IL, interleukin; Veh, vehicle.