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. 2018 Apr 5;43(4):539–549. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.03.005

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© 2018 The Korean Society of Ginseng, Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 6 — Proposed metabolic pathways of PPD in human body (in vivo). ^a The metabolites were detected in extracted ion chromatograms. The structures were elucidated by analyzing the fragmentation patterns and confirmed by NMR analysis. ^b The metabolites were detected in extracted ion chromatograms. The structures were elucidated by analyzing the fragmentation patterns and confirmed by structure matching software MetabolitePolet™. ^c The metabolites were detected in extracted ion chromatograms. No MS/MS spectra obtained. ^d No chromatographic or MS/MS data obtained. The structures were elucidated based on the proposed metabolic pathways. PPD, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol.