Fig. 6.

Protection effects of ginseng extracts to tBHP-treated H9C2 cells against oxidative stress. Cultured H9C2 cells were pretreated with ginseng extracts (from 6.25 μg/mL to 50 μg/mL, as indicated) for 24 hours before exposed to tBHP (30 μM) for 1 hour. Effects of various extracts of ginseng at various concentrations on the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) for four respiration states of tBHP-treated H9C2 cells were determined as in Fig. 4. The OCR value was normalized with cellular protein. Data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3, each with triplicate samples.

FCCP, carbonyl cyanide-4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone; R&A, rotenone/antimycin A; SD, standard deviation; tBHP, tert-butyl hydroperoxide.