Table 5.

Univariable analysis of risk factors for osteomyelitis in adult trauma patients.

Risk factor	OR	CI	p value
Closed femur shaft fracture	2.07	1.49–2.88	<0.001
Open femur shaft fracture	5.69	3.76–8.62	<0.001
Femur major surgery	2.27	1.88–2.75	<0.001
Closed tibia/fibula shaft fracture	3.59	2.74–4.70	<0.001
Open tibia/fibula shaft fracture	9.30	7.26–11.92	<0.001
Tibia/fibula major surgery	5.77	4.99–6.67	<0.001
Closed humerus shaft fracture	1.38	0.78–2.45	0.27
Open humerus shaft fracture	6.92	4.00–11.97	<0.001
Humerus major surgery	3.12	2.31–4.20	<0.001
Age ≥65	0.53	0.44–0.63	<0.001
Steroid use	1.19	0.44–3.17	0.73
Positive BAC on admission	1.26	1.03–1.53	<0.05
Positive illegal drug screen on admission	1.93	1.49–2.49	<0.001
Hypotension on admission	2.82	2.20–3.61	<0.001
Smoker	2.19	1.87–2.56	<0.001
Diabetes	2.45	2.08–2.88	<0.001
ESRD	3.17	2.03–4.94	<0.001
ISS≥25	3.46	2.90–4.14	<0.001
Blood transfusion	5.56	4.79–6.46	<0.001
Peripheral arterial disease	11.14	7.59–16.35	<0.001
Pseudomonas bacteremia	5.45	0.27–8.59	0.98
Non-pseudomonas bacteremia	41.85	28.49–61.48	<0.001

BAC = blood alcohol concentration, ESRD = end-stage renal disease, ISS = injury severity score.