Table 2.

Age‐Standardized Cause‐Specific Death Rate (per 100,000) For NAFLD Among U.S. Adults Aged ≥20 Years, 2007‐2016

	Cause‐Specific Deaths (Rate per 100,000)			AAPC* (95% CI)
	2007‐2016†	2007	2016
Cause‐specific death‡
Cardiovascular disease	38,444 (1.54)	3,353 (1.48)	4,627 (1.7)	1.59 (0.85‐2.34)||
Cirrhosis	155,894 (6.21)	13,401 (5.91)	17,174 (6.27)	0.96 (0.18‐1.74)||
Diabetes	8,113 (0.32)	704 (0.31)	1,027 (0.37)	2.23 (0.01‐4.49)||
Non‐liver cancer	19,466 (0.76)	1,644 (0.72)	2,440 (0.86)	2.14 (0.25‐4.06)||
HCC	10,867 (0.42)	798 (0.35)	1,408 (0.49)	3.82 (3.20‐4.44)||
Lung disease	5,683 (0.22)	463 (0.20)	703 (0.25)	2.13 (1.08‐3.20)||
Contributory causes of death§
Diabetes	31,132 (1.24)	2,461 (1.10)	4,045 (1.46)	2.80 (2.03‐3.58)||
Hypertension	28,222 (1.12)	2,040 (0.90)	3,876 (1.41)	5.21 (4.58‐5.85)||
Cardiovascular disease	80,080 (3.20)	6,573 (2.92)	9,802 (3.59)	2.27 (1.66‐2.89)||
Lung disease	21,116 (0.83)	1,608 (0.71)	2,647 (0.94)	3.10 (2.65‐3.56)||
Renal disease	36,726 (1.46)	3,219 (1.42)	4,169 (1.52)	1.19 (−1.00‐3.43)
Neurological disorder	8,613 (0.34)	704 (0.31)	1,156 (0.42)	3.56 (−0.04‐7.29)
Non‐liver cancer	8,414 (0.33)	703 (0.31)	1,003 (0.36)	1.46 (0.75‐2.17)||
Dementia	5,035 (0.21)	390 (0.18)	667 (0.25)	4.26 (2.94‐5.61)||
Thyroid	2,327 (0.09)	207 (0.09)	332 (0.12)	2.78 (0.14‐5.50)||
Obstructive sleep apnea	1,315 (0.05)	44 (0.02)	211 (0.07)	16.78 (6.66‐27.86)||
Depression	1,033 (0.04)	65 (0.03)	137 (0.05)	5.55 (2.27‐8.93)||
Osteoporosis	461 (0.02)	39 (0.02)	46 (0.02)	−3.71 (−7.29‐0.00)

^*AAPC is a weighted average of the APCs (a maximum number of 2 joinpoints was allowed).

^†Age‐standardized death rates were averaged over the period 2007‐2016.

^‡Defined by using underlying cause of death.

^§Defined by using contributory causes of death; because a decedent can have multiple contributory causes of death, a decedent could be counted multiple times.

^||Significantly different from 0 (P < 0.05).