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. 2019 Sep 3;3(11):1496–1509. doi: 10.1002/hep4.1422

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© 2019 The Authors. Hepatology Communications published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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RSPO2 increases Wnt signaling in the mouse liver. (A,B) Expression of (A) RSPO2 and (B) endogenous Wnt target genes were assessed by qRT‐PCR in grossly normal liver and tumor samples from mice injected with GFP/Trp53 shRNA or RSPO2/Trp53 shRNA. Wnt target genes were significantly elevated in murine liver and tumors expressing RSPO2. Data points represent gene expression value per animal. Lines represent the mean. (C) β‐catenin protein expression and localization were examined by IHC staining in normal liver and tumor samples from mice injected with GFP/Trp53 shRNA or RSPO2/Trp53 shRNA. Cytoplasmic and nuclear expressions of β‐catenin were elevated in tumors from RSPO2/shp53‐injected mice. Bars represent mean + SD; *P < 0.05.