Fig. 5.

Effect of rstA on EHEC O157 biofilm formation. a A heat map representing differential regulation of diguanylate cyclase genes in the EHEC O157 WT and the ΔrstA mutant strain. The z-score indicates whether the genes were upregulated (red) or downregulated (green). b Biofilm formation in EHEC O157 WT, ΔrstA mutant, and rstA complementary by crystal violet staining. c Intracellular c-di-GMP concentration of EHEC O157 WT, the ΔrstA mutant and rstA complementary strain. In b, c, Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3). *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.01 (Student’s t-test)