Figure 6. Relationships between kisspeptin and insulin response to oral glucose and presence of GDM in pregnant women.

(A) In pregnant women undergoing a routine 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG] 2010 criteria, n = 26) had significantly lower kisspeptin than women without GDM (n = 62; *P = 0.0022; 2-tailed Student’s t test). (B) Analyzing all pregnant women (n = 91) there was no significant correlation between kisspeptin levels and fasting serum insulin, but there was a significant positive correlation between kisspeptin and serum insulin at 60 minutes (D; r² = 0.1757; P < 0.0001) and between kisspeptin and AUC serum insulin over the OGTT (F; r² = 0.1279; P = 0.0013). There was no significant correlation between kisspeptin and serum insulin at 10 minutes (C) or 120 minutes (E). There was a significant positive correlation between kisspeptin and HOMA2-%β (G; r² = 0.0656, P = 0.0411), but no significant correlations between kisspeptin and HOMA2-IR (H) or the Matsuda index (I). Women diagnosed with GDM are represented by white markers; women without GDM are represented by black markers. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used for analyzing correlation data, and presented correlation data are based on all women. Correlation coefficient lines denote a significant correlation between variables.