Table 1. Baseline Characteristics for All Participants, Completers and Noncompleters, in the TEMPO Diet Trial.
| Characteristic | Mean (SD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe Group | Moderate Group | |||||
| All Participants (n = 50) | Completers (n = 46) | Noncompleters (n = 4) | All Participants (n = 51) | Completers (n = 39) | Noncompleters (n = 12) | |
| Age, y | 58.0 (4.4) | 58.2 (4.3) | 55.4 (5.0) | 58.0 (4.2) | 57.7 (4.2) | 58.9 (4.3) |
| Height, m | 1.62 (0.06) | 1.62 (0.06) | 1.64 (0.04) | 1.63 (0.05) | 1.63 (0.06) | 1.63 (0.04) |
| Weight, kg | 90.1 (9.4) | 89.5 (9.4) | 96.8 (7.4) | 92.4 (8.3) | 92.2 (8.6) | 93.0 (7.4) |
| Body mass indexa | 34.3 (2.5) | 34.2 (2.4) | 36.0 (2.5) | 34.6 (2.5) | 34.6 (2.7) | 34.8 (2.1) |
| Lean Tissues | ||||||
| Whole-body lean mass, kgb | 44.3 (4.9) | 44.1 (5.0) | 46.5 (3.6) | 44.8 (4.0) | 44.5 (4.1) | 45.7 (3.7) |
| Thigh muscle area, cm2c | 111.4 (15.1) | 110.1 (14.6) | 126.2 (14.0) | 109.7 (13.4) | 108.9 (13.4) | 112.8 (13.5) |
| Muscle strength, kg | ||||||
| Dominant handd | 29.80 (6.31) | 29.27 (6.10) | 35.75 (7.27) | 30.00 (4.70) | 29.97 (4.45) | 30.08 (5.66) |
| Nondominant hand | 27.90 (6.00) | 27.39 (5.69) | 33.75 (7.27) | 27.90 (4.42) | 28.03 (4.59) | 27.80 (3.97) |
| Bone Mineral Density | ||||||
| Total hip, g/cm2e | 0.988 (0.097) | 0.980 (0.088) | 1.079 (0.158) | 0.972 (0.107) | 0.973 (0.106) | 0.967 (0.116) |
| Femoral neck, g/cm2e | 0.810 (0.089) | 0.803 (0.078) | 0.882 (0.714) | 0.815 (0.097) | 0.821 (0.097) | 0.793 (0.101) |
| Lumbar spine, g/cm2 | 1.001 (0.112) | 0.994 (0.112) | 1.080 (0.091) | 1.019 (0.125) | 1.004 (0.122) | 1.066 (0.126) |
| Whole body, g/cm2b | 1.093 (0.077) | 0.089 (0.077) | 1.139 (0.054) | 1.100 (0.088) | 1.089 (0.075) | 1.133 (0.117) |
| Fat Mass and Distribution | ||||||
| Waist circumference, cm | 108.3 (7.3) | 108.4 (7.3) | 107.8 (8.2) | 108.8 (7.0) | 109.1 (7.5) | 107.6 (4.8) |
| Hip circumference, cm | 118.6 (7.0) | 117.9 (6.7) | 126.9 (6.1) | 121.3 (6.6) | 121.3 (6.2) | 121.3 (8.0) |
| Ratio of waist to hip circumferencef | 0.915 (0.061) | 0.921 (0.059) | 0.850 (0.054) | 0.898 (0.060) | 0.901 (0.059) | 0.891 (0.065) |
| Whole-body fat mass, kgb | 42.2 (5.6) | 41.8 (5.5) | 46.7 (5.7) | 43.5 (5.9) | 43.5 (5.9) | 43.4 (6.1) |
| Abdominal adipose tissue, cm3 | ||||||
| Subcutaneous adipose tissuec,g | 12 006 (3028) | 11 833 (2981) | 14 544 (3080) | 12 176 (2508) | 12 005 (2620) | 12 811 (2030) |
| Visceral adipose tissuec | 4544 (1702) | 4604 (1705) | 3884 (1756) | 5123 (1954) | 5074 (2002) | 5296 (1854) |
| Intrahepatic lipid, %h | 16.7 (16.9) | 15.4 (15.3) | 29.6 (27.8) | 22.4 (19.1) | 23.9 (20.8) | 17.1 (11.2) |
| Thigh fat area, cm2 | ||||||
| Subcutaneous fat areac | 154.4 (28.9) | 152.0 (26.4) | 181.6 (45.0) | 164.6 (43.4) | 165.1 (36.0) | 162.8 (65.6) |
| Subfascial fat areac | 10.1 (4.1) | 9.9 (4.0) | 12.8 (4.2) | 11.1 (4.3) | 11.3 (4.6) | 10.5 (2.9) |
| Intermuscular fat areac | 6.07 (2.09) | 6.00 (2.16) | 6.92 (0.64) | 6.78 (2.03) | 6.82 (1.90) | 6.63 (2.53) |
Abbreviation: TEMPO, Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting Optimum Metabolic Health and Body Composition in Obesity.
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
Data for 2 participants in the moderate group who completed the study are missing because of machine failure.
Data for 2 participants in the severe group who completed the study and 1 in the moderate group who did not complete the study are missing because they did not undergo magnetic resonance imaging scan or magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Data for 1 participant in the severe group who completed the study are missing because the participant underwent thumb tendon surgery, and data for 1 participant in the moderate group who completed the study are missing because the participant had scaphoid fracture.
Data for 1 participant in the moderate group who completed the study are missing because the scan could not be analyzed.
Calculated as waist circumference divided by hip circumference.
Data for 1 participant in the severe group who did not complete the study and 3 participants in the moderate group (2 completers, 1 noncompleter) are missing because the scan was outside the window of analysis.
Data for 7 participants in the severe group who completed the study and 11 participants in the moderate group (8 completers; 3 noncompleters) are missing because the scans were invalid and unable to be accurately analyzed.