Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients at baseline
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | Intervention group, N = 189 | Control group, N = 188 |
|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 65.1 ± 11.4 | 66.3 ± 10.9 |
| Female, n (%) | 87 (46) | 73 (39) |
| Male, n (%) | 102 (54) | 115 (61) |
| Body mass index (BMI) (mean ± SD) | 30.1 ± 5 | 30.2 ± 5.2 |
| BMI category, n (%) | ||
| 18.5–25 kg/m2 | 24 (12.7) | 27 (14.4) |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 78 (41.3) | 76 (40.4) |
| > 30 kg/m2 | 87 (46) | 85 (45.2) |
| Diabetes anteriority (in years) (mean ± SD) | 10.7 ± 8.2 | 10.2 ± 7.9 |
| Smoking, n/N (%) | 23/186 (12.4) | 24/186 (12.9) |
| Alcohol consumption, n/N (%) | 30/187 (16) | 49/185 (25.9) |
| Pill organizer usage, n/N (%) | 58/188 (30.9) | 62/185 (33.5) |
| Oral antidiabetic treatment, n (%) | N = 188 | N = 186 |
| Monotherapy | 57 (30.3) | 64 (34.4) |
| Bitherapy | 74 (39.4) | 79 (42.5) |
| Tritherapy | 57 (30.3) | 43 (23.1) |
| Type of antidiabetic treatment alone or in combination, n (%) | ||
| Biguanides | 181 (95.8) | 175 (93.1) |
| Sulfonylurea | 92 (48.7) | 88 (46.8) |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 95 (50.2) | 86 (45.7) |
| Glinides | 24 (12.7) | 22 (11.7) |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | 6 (3.2) | 4 (2.1) |
| Antihypertension treatment, n/N (%) | 124/157 (79.0) | 126/158 (79.7) |
| Hypolipidemic treatment, n/N (%) | 116/157 (73.9) | 121/158 (76.6) |
| Biologic values (mean ± SD) | ||
| HbA1c % | 7.9 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 0.8 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (g/l) | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.5 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.7 |
| LDL-c (mg/dl) | 110 ± 40 | 110 ± 50 |
| Blood pressure (mean ± SD) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.8 ± 11.6 | 136.1 ± 11.3 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78.1 ± 9.3 | 79.1 ± 9.2 |
No significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics were observed between the two groups at baseline
When specified, N = number of patients for which data were available. Missing data were excluded from the analysis
When not specified, N = total number of patients included in each group