Table 1. Patient disposition at study entry.
| Variable | Category | Full population (n = 2,994,837) |
AF cohort (n = 95,607) |
Non-AF cohort (n = 2,899,230) |
P-value | Cohen’s d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 55.98 (14.46) | 70.23 (11.07) | 55.51 (14.32) | <0.001 | 1.0343 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 1,395,397 (46.6) | 51,738 (54.1) | 1,343,659 (46.3) | <0.001 | 0.1558 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | Current | 555,074 (18.5) | 10,571 (11.1) | 544,503 (18.8) | <0.001 | -0.1989 |
| Former | 701,966 (23.4) | 32,198 (33.7) | 669,768 (23.1) | 0.2499 | ||
| Non-smoker | 1,269,538 (42.4) | 37,384 (39.1) | 1,232,154 (42.5) | -0.0688 | ||
| Passive | 7,876 (0.3) | 279 (0.3) | 7,597 (0.3) | 0.0058 | ||
| Unknown | 460,383 (15.4) | 15,175 (15.9) | 445,208 (15.4) | 0.0143 | ||
| Race, n (%) | Black | 29,380 (1.0) | 207 (0.2) | 29,173 (1.0) | <0.001 | -0.0801 |
| White | 729,507 (24.4) | 25,459 (26.6) | 704,048 (24.3) | 0.0546 | ||
| Other | 75,142 (2.5) | 1,031 (1.1) | 74,111 (2.6) | -0.0945 | ||
| Unknown | 2,160,808 (72.2) | 68,910 (72.1) | 2,091,898 (72.2) | -0.0017 | ||
| Clinical histories*, n (%) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 748,849 (25.0) | 50,501 (52.8) | 698,348 (24.1) | <0.001 | 0.6306 | |
| Heart failure | 22,054 (0.7) | 2,805 (2.9) | 19,249 (0.7) | <0.001 | 0.2658 | |
| Left ventricular hypertrophy | 4,727 (0.2) | 502 (0.5) | 4,225 (0.1) | <0.001 | 0.0956 | |
| Myocardial infarction | 42,830 (1.4) | 3,009 (3.1) | 39,821 (1.4) | <0.001 | 0.1494 | |
| Coronary heart disease | 154,029 (5.1) | 13,703 (14.3) | 140,326 (4.8) | <0.001 | 0.4310 | |
| Congenital heart disease | 501 (<0.1) | 58 (0.1) | 443 (<0.1) | <0.001 | 0.0351 | |
| Type 1 diabetes | 19,101 (0.6) | 831 (0.9) | 18,270 (0.6) | <0.001 | 0.0300 | |
| Type 2 diabetes | 187,733 (6.3) | 10,727 (11.2) | 177,006 (6.1) | <0.001 | 0.2111 | |
| Clinical measurements, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Height (m) | 1.68 (0.10) | 1.69 (0.11) | 1.68 (0.10) | <0.001 | 0.0508 | |
| Weight (kg) | 78.32 (18.28) | 81.55 (19.45) | 78.21 (18.23) | <0.001 | 0.1825 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.59 (5.99) | 28.56 (6.16) | 27.56 (5.99) | <0.001 | 0.1662 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.58 (18.87) | 140.97 (19.29) | 133.34 (18.81) | <0.001 | 0.4054 | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.40 (10.92) | 79.12 (11.01) | 79.41 (10.92) | <0.001 | -0.0266 | |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 54.18 (14.93) | 61.85 (16.47) | 53.93 (14.81) | <0.001 | 0.4917 | |
AF: atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation.
*clinical histories assessed five years prior to index.