Figure 4.

Collagen glycation modulates tumor spheroid invasion. (A and B) MDA-MB-231 cell trajectories in non-glycated (A1–3) and glycated (B1–3) collagen at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL, respectively. Each colored line represents the actual spatial coordinates of one cell track. All MDA-MB-231 cells that invaded out of the spheroid are tracked every 8 min for 36 h under each condition. A total of 100, 75, and 100 cells are tracked for 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL non-glycated condition, respectively. A total of 80, 100, and 66 cells are tracked for 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL glycated condition, respectively. (C) Average MDA-MB-231 cell speed in glycated and non-glycated matrices with p-value shown. The average speed of the MDA-MB-231 cells in non-glycated 1.0, 2.0 and 3.5 mg/mL collagen are 0.37 ± 0.01, 0.28 ± 0.01, and 0.16 ± 0.01 μm/min, respectively. The average speed of the MDA-MB-231 cells in glycated 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL collagen are 0.49 ± 0.01, 0.29 ± 0.01, and 0.23 ± 0.01 μm/min, respectively. Results are computed using cell tracks ranging from 143 to 239, which were obtained from the three repetitive experiments. (D) Mean square displacement of MDA-MB-231 cells in 1.0, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL glycated and non-glycated gels. Results are computed using cell tracks ranging from 143 to 239, which were obtained from the three repetitive experiments.