Figure 5:

Illustrations demonstrating surgical techniques for rectal cancer: (A) Transanal excision (TAE) / transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEMS); (B) Low anterior resection (LAR); (C) Intersphincteric abdominoperineal resection; (D) Abdominoperineal resection (APR), and (E) Extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE). Gray coverage demonstrate the structures that are resected. Note that B-E include total mesorectal excision (TME) with an en bloc resection of the mesorectum (asterisks) through a dissection along the mesorectal fascia.