Figure 5.

Impact of mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (Mul1) on autophagy flux. (A‐D) Representative immunoblots (A,C) and plots (B,D) showing levels of Mul1 protein in cells with Mul1 plasmid (A,B) or siRNA (C,D) in the presence of Bafilomycin A1 (BAF). (E‐J) Representative immunoblots (E,H) and plots (F,G,I,J) showing levels of LC3‐II (F,I) or P62 (G,J) protein in cells with siRNA (E‐G) or Mul1 plasmid (H‐J) in the absence (Ctrl) or presence of Bafilomycin A1 (BAF). *P ≤ .05; and **P ≤ .01. (K‐M) Representative images showing adjacent normal tissues expressing normal levels (K), fibrotic tissues near clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tissues expressing low levels (L) and ccRCC tissues expressing high levels of adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADFP) (M) collected from 11 patients diagnosed with ccRCC in our hospital. (N) Plot showing a comparison of immunoreactivity scores of ADFP between normal and cancer tissues from ccRCC patients as stated above. **P ≤ .01. Sample size is 11