Table 38.
Antidotal therapy
| N (%)a | |
|---|---|
| N-acetylcysteine | 768 (32.9) |
| Naloxone/nalmefene | 441 (18.9) |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 259 (11.1) |
| Thiamine | 157 (6.7) |
| Folate | 95 (4.1) |
| Physostigmine | 84 (3.6) |
| Fomepizole | 79 (3.4) |
| Glucagon | 66 (2.8) |
| Calcium | 50 (2.1) |
| Atropine | 42 (1.8) |
| Octreotide | 40 (1.7) |
| Insulin-euglycemic therapy | 34 (1.5) |
| Vitamin K | 34 (1.5) |
| Carnitine | 33 (1.4) |
| Flumazenil | 33 (1.4) |
| Methylene blue | 28 (1.2) |
| Cyproheptadine | 27 (1.2) |
| Pyridoxine | 15 (0.6) |
| Fab for digoxin | 10 (0.4) |
| Hydroxocobalamin | 8 (0.3) |
| 2-PAM | 6 (0.3) |
| Botulinum antitoxin | 4 (0.2) |
| Dantrolene | 4 (0.2) |
| Ethanol | 4 (0.2) |
| Bromocriptine | 3 (0.1) |
| Thiosulfate | 3 (0.1) |
| Anticoagulation reversal | 1 (<0.1) |
| Silimarin | 1 (<0.1) |
| Total | 2331 (100) |
aPercentages are out of the total number of antidotes administered (2331); 1920 (27.3%) cases received at least one antidote. Cases may have involved the use of multiple antidotes.