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. 2019 Oct 22;15(4):228–254. doi: 10.1007/s13181-019-00736-9

Table 46.

Treatment of withdrawal

N (%)a
Opioid withdrawal
  Buprenorphine 31 (43.7)
  Clonidine 21 (29.6)
  Methadone 14 (19.7)
  Naloxone OD kit 3 (4.2)
  Clonazepam 1 (1.4)
  Ondansetron 1 (1.4)
  Total 71 (100)
Ethanol withdrawal
  Naltrexone 3 (42.9)
  Buprenorphine 3 (42.9)
  Clonidine 1 (14.3)
  Total 7 (100)
Sedative-hypnotic withdrawal
  Phenobarbital 1 (33.3)
  Methadone 1 (33.3)
  Clonidine 1 (33.3)
  Total 3 (100)

aPercentage based on the total number of treatments administered (opioid N = 71, ethanol N = 7, sedative-hypnotic N = 3). Fifty-nine (0.8%) registry opioid withdrawal cases, 6 (0.1%) registry ethanol withdrawal cases, and 3 (0.0%) registry sedative-hypnotic cases received at least one type of withdrawal treatment