Table 3.

attentional modulation of mean Fano factors of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in layer 1, 2 and 3 through AMPA receptors

	Mean Fano factor Unattended (mean $\pm$ s.e.m.) ${\sigma }_{\mathit{AMPA}}=0.08$ (excitatory) ${\sigma }_{\mathit{AMPA}}=0.09$(inhibitory)	Mean Fano factor Attended (mean $\pm$ s.e.m.) ${\sigma }_{\mathit{AMPA}}=0.075$ (excitatory) ${\sigma }_{\mathit{AMPA}}=0.075$ (inhibitory)	Decreased percentage $\frac{(R_{unatt.}-R_{att.})}{R_{unatt.}}$ (%)	Significance test between excitatory and inhibitory neurons
Layer 1
Excitatory	$0.44\pm 2.0\times {10}^{-3}$	$0.49\pm 1.5\times {10}^{-3}$	−  11.09ns	Absolute decrease (ns)
Inhibitory	$6.50\times {10}^{-3}\pm 2.67\times {10}^{-4}$	$5.98\times {10}^{-3}\pm 1.68\times {10}^{-4}$	8.15ns	Relative decrease (ns)
Layer 2
Excitatory	$0.92\pm 0.04$	$0.83\pm 0.03$	9.85**	Absolute decrease (**)
Inhibitory	$1.42\pm 0.05$	$1.03\pm 0.05$	27.75ns	Relative decrease (**)
Layer 3
Excitatory	$0.98\pm 0.04$	$0.82\pm 0.04$	16.82**	Absolute decrease (**)
Inhibitory	$1.46\pm 0.03$	$0.89\pm 0.01$	38.72**	Relative decrease (**)

Remark: $R_{att.}$ represents the mean Fano factor in the attention attended condition and $R_{unatt.}$ represents the Fano factor in the attention unattended condition. The decreased percentage indicates attentional modulation of Fano factors. Statistical significance between the attention attended and unattended conditions was checked by Mann–Whitney U test (indicated in the column of Decreased percentage, ns: p  > 0.05; **: p  < 0.01) for each type of neurons in each layer. Statistical significance of attention-modulated effects were calculated between excitatory and inhibitory neurons from the same layer in Absolute and Relative decreases by Mann–Whitney U test (ns: p  > 0.05; **: p  < 0.01), respectively