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. 2019 Nov 1;9:15847. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52127-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Microparticle (MP) binding under flow in the isolated middle cerebral artery. (a) Fluorescence images of representative time-lapse recording demonstrate firm binding of VTN-MPs (0.1 µg/ml) on the luminal surface of the isolated mouse MCA in the presence of physiological pressure and flow (white arrowheads show stationary MPs). Scale bars: 50 μm. (b) Summary data (n = 4–6) show the rate and number of binding events of VTN-MPs in the absence (basal) or presence of TNF (7 ng/ml, 4-hour), or after incubating with αV integrin blocking antibody, or after delivery of Protein G conjugated MPs (c,d) Representative images and summary data of Western immunoblot shows increased expression of αV integrin on TNF-exposed mouse MCA. Data are shown as mean ± S.E.M; *p < 0.05.