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. 2019 Nov 1;9:15843. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-52250-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Location of the study area (left) that includes the Flemish Cap (FC), Flemish Pass (FP) and Grand Bank. NAFO statistical divisions (3 LMNO), NAFO fishing footprint area, the area of the distribution model and the NAFO areas closed to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems⁵⁰ are indicated. Location of the groundfish surveys (2006–2010) conducted with two distinct trawl gear types that were used to estimate total sponge biomass (right). Maps were produced in ArcMap 10.2.2 software⁴⁶.