Table 2.

Microbiota–asthma association according to age at onset, persistence, and sensitization status

Phenotype	Definition	OR	aOR	95% CI	p Value	N cases/controls
Asthma ever	Asthma by age 6	1.50	1.44	1.17–1.79	0.00062	135/438
Current asthma at 6 years	Active diagnosis at age 6	1.67	1.61	1.15–2.30	0.0072	44/438
Transient early	Diagnosis before age 3, remission before age 6	1.37	1.33	1.04–1.72	0.025	81/438
Persistent	Diagnosis before age 3, still ongoing at age 6	1.45	1.44	0.95–2.20	0.091	28/438
Late onset	Diagnosis after age 3	2.10	1.92	1.23–3.11	0.0056	26/438

Phenotype	Definition	HR	aHR	95% CI	p Value	N cases/controls
Asthma; sensitized children	Stratified by positive SPT or sIgE at age 6	1.64	1.67	1.03–2.69	0.037	25/74
Asthma; non-sensitized children	Stratified by negative SPT or sIgE at age 6	1.30	1.27	1.00–1.61	0.053	73/262
Asthma; sensitization not assessed	Missing sensitization data	1.53	1.47	0.99–2.21	0.059	37/102

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, SPT skin prick test, sIgE specific immunoglobulin E

Estimates from logistic regression (OR, CI) or Cox proportional hazards regression (HR) between the bacterial asthma score and asthma, according to age-dependent phenotype and allergic sensitization status to inhalant allergens (SPT, sIgE). Crude and adjusted (aOR/aHR) estimates provided, after adjustment for season of birth, paternal asthma, and siblings in the home. Confidence intervals and p values pertain to adjusted analyses. We found no evidence of an interaction effect between the bacterial asthma score and allergic sensitization (p = 0.36)