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. 2019 Nov 1;2:401. doi: 10.1038/s42003-019-0648-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — In silico engineering predicted KCNQ-opening properties into glycine. a Retigabine structure, electrostatic surface potentials (red, electron-dense; blue, electron-poor; green, neutral) and an overlay of the two, all calculated and plotted using Jmol. Arrow carbonyl oxygen. b GABA, parameters as in (a). c Glycine, parameters as in (a). d Mean traces showing effects of GABA, glycine and retigabine on KCNQ2/3 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes (n = 4–6). Voltage protocol (inset) was used for all TEVC recordings in this study unless otherwise indicated. e KCNQ2/3 dose response to glycine, GABA and retigabine, quantified from recordings as in (d) as the shift in voltage dependence of activation (ΔV_0.5act) measured from the tail current. Error bars indicate SEM; n = 4–6. f Structures and surface potential plots (as in (a)) for the simple glycine derivatives indicated; arrows, carbonyl oxygen. g Structures and surface potential plots (as in a) for the double-carbonyl or branched glycine derivatives indicated; arrows, carbonyl oxygen. h Structures and surface potential plots (as in (a)) for the glycine derivatives bearing a phenyl ring; arrows indicate carbonyl group