Table 1.

Stand characteristics and tree biometric parameters

	Tree height (m)	DBH (m)	Stem surface area (m2)	Forest density (trees ha−1)	Stand basal area (m2 ha−1)
Birch (Betula pendula and B. pubescens)
W plot	12.3 ± 1.2	0.10 ± 0.01	1.9 ± 0.1	1200	6
MW plot	22.1 ± 0.7	0.21 ± 0.04	7.4 ± 1.2	200	4
Spruce (Picea abies)
W plot	14.5 ± 4.4	0.17 ± 0.07	4.2 ± 2.3	400	4
MW plot	21.2 ± 1.0	0.24 ± 0.02	7.9 ± 1.0	400	5
Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
W plot	18.2 ± 1.3	0.20 ± 0.03	5.8 ± 1.3	400	20
MW plot	20.6 ± 0.4	0.19 ± 0.01	6.1 ± 0.1	800	21
D plot	18.7 ± 0.7	0.19 ± 0.01	5.7 ± 0.6	1400	27

All variables (mean ± standard deviation) are related to birch, spruce, and pine trees at wet (W), moderately wet (MW), and dry (D) plots. The dry plot did not have spruce or birch trees. Trees were approximately 50 years of age, except for three birches and one spruce on the wet plot, which were unambiguously younger. The forest density is defined as number of individual trees per tree species and area unit of individual experimental plots. Stem diameter at breast height (DBH). Table modified after ref. ⁶⁸