β-galactosidase activity of A. tumefaciens strain A6 and derivatives. (A) Analysis of β-galactosidase activity of A. tumefaciens A6 and its derivatives in liquid culture (Top) and on solid agar plates (Bottom). U, Miller Unit. (B) Domain structures of SghR and SghA. Glyco_hyddro_1, glycoside hydrolase family 1 domain; HTH, HTH-type DNA binding domain; Peripla_BP_3, periplasmic binding protein-like domain 3. Experiments in A were repeated 5 times, and each time in duplicate. A nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis 1-way ANOVA was performed in GraphPad for statistical analyses. Values and error bars represent means and SD. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.0001; ns, not significant.