Table 4.

Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for tertiles of quality of life score (lowest tertile was used as the reference), according to predictors^a, among all participants (Weighted N = 1807)

Predictors	Tertile 2 vs. Tertile 1 (ref.)		Tertile 3 vs. Tertile 1 (ref.)
	OR (95% CI)	p-value	OR (95% CI)	p-value
Age, years	0.99 (0.98; 0.99)	0.027	0.99 (0.98; 0.99)	0.002
Gender
Male	0.79 (0.64; 0.98)	0.032	0.54 (0.42; 0.68)	< 0.001
Female (ref.)	1.0	–	1.0	–
Level of education
None/basic	1.08 (0.76; 1.53)	0.666	1.14 (0.76; 1.71)	0.519
Middle/technical	1.11 (0.81; 1.51)	0.517	1.04 (0.76; 1.42)	0.820
University (ref.)	1.0	–	1.0	–
Smoking
Current	1.24 (0.85; 1.83)	0.264	2.13 (1.57; 2.88)	< 0.001
Past	1.01 (0.75; 1.35)	0.950	1.02 (0.69; 1.49)	0.930
Never (ref.)	1.0	–	1.0	–
Any diseases/conditions
Yes	0.93 (0.74; 1.16)	0.512	1.39 (1.10; 1.76)	0.005
No (ref.)	1.0	–	1.0	–
Number of missing teeth	1.04 (1.01; 1.07)	0.019	1.05 (1.02; 1.08)	< 0.001
Mean gingival index	1.52 (1.10; 2.11)	0.012	2.24 (1.69; 2.97)	< 0.001
Mean plaque index	1.00 (0.53; 1.89)	0.992	1.63 (0.81; 3.29)	0.175
Mean calculus index	1.13 (0.73; 1.73)	0.591	0.92 (0.62; 1.35)	0.663
Frequency of dental visits
≥ Once per year (ref.)	1.0	–	1.0	–
Never	0.54 (0.27; 1.06)	0.073	1.02 (0.46; 2.25)	0.963
Only when there is a problem	1.09 (0.71; 1.67)	0.687	1.58 (1.07; 2.32)	0.020
Missing	0.68 (0.33; 1.41)	0.300	1.39 (0.86; 2.24)	0.184
Use of dental floss
Yes	1.04 (0.81; 1.35)	0.745	0.96 (0.70; 1.31)	0.790
No (ref.)	1.0	–	1.0	–
Location
Kingston	0.70 (0.51; 0.95)	0.020	0.57 (0.34; 0.94)	0.028
Santo Domingo	0.76 (0.54; 1.08)	0.127	0.83 (0.57; 1.19)	0.311
San Juan (ref.)	1.0	–	1.0	–

^aOdds ratio estimates were obtained from a multinomial logistic regression model, with all listed variables as predictors and the three-level categorical OHIP score (tertile) as the outcome, using the lowest tertile (best summary quality of life score) as the reference