Table 5.
Exploratory analyses of subjects who met criteria for the three most common psychiatric disorders based on the MINI interview. Analyses compared those who met criteria for the disorder to those who did not. For substance dependence, people who had only the cannabis form of dependence were excluded from analysis, as they were predicted a priori to have higher rates of cannabis use
| Anxiety Disorders | Major Depressive Disorder | Substance Use Disorder (Except Cannabis) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (N = 57) | Yes (N = 43) | P-value | No (N = 67) | Yes (N = 33) | P-value | No (N = 48) | Yes (N = 22) | P-value | |
| Male (%) | 40 (70.2) | 28 (65.1) | 0.591 | 52 (77.6) | 16 (48.5) | 0.003 | 31 (64.6) | 14 (63.6) | 0.939 |
| Current Age (± SD) | 33.9 (± 12.3) | 33.2 (± 13.9) | 0.502 | 34.2 (± 13.6) | 32.4 (± 12.1) | 0.536 | 37.6 (± 13.7) | 28.1 (± 10.3) | 0.003 |
| Current Smoker (%) | 11 (19.3) | 10 (23.3) | 0.628 | 16 (23.9) | 5 (15.2) | 0.465 | 6 (12.5) | 8 (36.4) | 0.095 |
| Scale Tests (±SD) | |||||||||
| Perceived Stress Scale | 13.7 (± 5.1) | 19.2 (± 6.7) | 0.000 | 14.8 (± 6.1) | 18.6 (± 6.4) | 0.006 | 14.2 (± 6.3) | 19.2 (± 5.8) | 0.002 |
| PROMIS Fatigue | 48.7 (± 7.7) | 54.3 (± 6.6) | 0.000 | 50.0 (± 7.8) | 53.4 (± 6.9) | 0.036 | 51.5 (± 8.4) | 52.3 ± (4.9) | 0.610 |
| PROMIS Sleep Disturbance | 46.0 (± 8.0) | 54.3 (± 6.6) | 0.386 | 46.7 (± 8.6) | 46.3 (± 8.5) | 0.831 | 47.8 (± 8.8) | 47.4 (± 7.9) | 0.851 |
| Beck Depression | 4.1 (± 3.4) | 12.3 (± 7.6) | 0.000 | 6.3 (± 5.8) | 10.3 (± 8.3) | 0.017 | 5.9 (± 5.3) | 10.8 (± 7.5) | 0.002 |
| Patient Health Questionnaire | 4.6 (± 3.2) | 8.5 (± 4.4) | 0.000 | 5.5 (± 3.8) | 7.8 (± 4.6) | 0.009 | 6.1 (± 3.9) | 7.4 (± 3.7) | 0.174 |
| BPI Pain Rating | 13.8 (± 9.2) | 15.3 (± 11.0) | 0.686 | 11.8 (± 8.6) | 18.2 (± 11.3) | 0.068 | 14.1 (± 9.5) | 13.2 (± 11.6) | 0.857 |
| BPI Pain Interference | 16.6 (± 13.8) | 14.8 (± 11.8) | 0.696 | 13.1 (± 11.8) | 18.2 (± 12.8) | 0.231 | 16.3 (± 13.4) | 13.5 (± 15.0) | 0.685 |
| Fagerstrom | 2.7 (± 2.0) | 2.9 (± 2.6) | 0.866 | 2.9 (± 1.9) | 2.4 (± 3.4) | 0.748 | 1.5 (± 1.6) | 3.5 (± 1.9) | 0.058 |
| Age of First Cannabis Use (± SD) | 17.1 (± 3.8) | 17.6 (± 5.8) | 0.783 | 17.5 (± 5.1) | 17.0 (± 4.2) | 0.510 | 17.8 (± 4.7) | 18.1 (± 6.5) | 0.931 |
| Age of Onset of Regular Use (SD) | 20.7 (± 6.3) | 20.0 (± 6.3) | 0.296 | 20.5 (± 6.7) | 20.1 (± 5.3) | 0.807 | 21.7 (± 7.2) | 20.4 (± 6.7) | 0.192 |
| Reason for Medicinal Cannabis Use (%) | |||||||||
| Conventional treatments don’t work | 9 (15.8) | 11 (25.6) | 0.226 | 11 (16.4) | 9 (27.3) | 0.202 | 7 (14.6) | 9 (40.9) | 0.015 |
| My doctor recommended it to me | 1 (1.8) | 8 (18.6) | 0.004 | 6 (9.0) | 3 (9.1) | 0.982 | 3 (6.2) | 4 (18.2) | 0.122 |
| Internet search on treatments for my condition | 5 (8.8) | 10 (23.3) | 0.045 | 8 (11.9) | 7 (21.2) | 0.222 | 6 (12.5) | 5 (22.7) | 0.275 |
| Experiences Pain (%) | 12 (21.1) | 23 (53.5) | 0.001 | 19 (28.4) | 16 (48.5) | 0.047 | 14 (29.2) | 6 (27.3) | 0.871 |
| Condition (%) | |||||||||
| Anxiety/Stress | 38 (66.7) | 39 (90.7) | 0.005 | 50 (74.6) | 27 (81.8) | 0.422 | 36 (75.0) | 15 (68.2) | 0.552 |
| Depression | 18 (31.6) | 29 (67.4) | 0.000 | 25 (37.3) | 22 (66.7) | 0.006 | 15 (31.2) | 13 (59.1) | 0.027 |
| Insomnia/Sleep Issues | 29 (50.9) | 24 (55.8) | 0.624 | 36 (53.7) | 17 (51.5) | 0.835 | 24 (50.0) | 17 (77.3) | 0.032 |
| Bipolar | 0 (0.0) | 5 (11.6) | 0.008 | 4 (6.0) | 1 (3.0) | 0.526 | 1 (2.1) | 3 (13.6) | 0.053 |
| Dispensary Visits Per Month (± SD) | 4.2 (± 3.5) | 3.9 (± 3.4) | 0.664 | 3.7 (± 3.3) | 4.7 (± 3.7) | 0.151 | 3.1 (± 3.1) | 5.0 (± 3.6) | 0.002 |
| Cannabis Use Quantity, grams per week (± SD) | 4.5 (± 4.8) | 4.0 (± 4.6) | 0.497 | 3.9 (± 3.2) | 5.2 (± 7.0) | 0.911 | 3.4 (± 3.3) | 4.1 (± 2.0) | 0.038 |
| Cannabis Use Frequency, times per month (± SD) | 50.2 (± 27.8) | 42.9 (± 34.3) | 0.185 | 47.7 (± 30.8) | 45.6 (± 31.1) | 0.836 | 39.5 (± 28.7) | 59.3 (± 28.7) | 0.012 |
| Time of Use: On an as-needed basis (%) | 14 (24.6) | 23 (53.5) | 0.003 | 22 (32.8) | 15 (45.5) | 0.219 | 18 (37.5) | 8 (36.4) | 0.927 |
| Form of Consumption (%) | |||||||||
| Smoking | 42 (73.7) | 29 (67.4) | 0.496 | 50 (74.6) | 21 (63.6) | 0.255 | 26 (54.2) | 21 (95.5) | 0.001 |
| Vaporizer | 22 (38.6) | 20 (46.5) | 0.427 | 26 (38.8) | 16 (48.5) | 0.356 | 23 (47.9) | 5 (22.7) | 0.046 |
| Tincture | 5 (8.8) | 10 (23.3) | 0.045 | 7 (10.4) | 8 (24.2) | 0.069 | 10 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.021 |
| Capsules | 6 (10.5) | 11 (25.6) | 0.047 | 6 (9.0) | 11 (33.3) | 0.002 | 8 (16.7) | 1 (4.5) | 0.160 |
| Cannabis Product: CBD Capsules (%) | 5 (8.8) | 18 (41.9) | 0.000 | 11 (16.4) | 12 (36.4) | 0.026 | 9 (18.8) | 4 (18.2) | 0.955 |
| Concentration: Pure CBD (%) | 6 (10.5) | 12 (27.9) | 0.025 | 9 (13.4) | 9 (27.3) | 0.09 | 10 (20.8) | 2 (9.1) | 0.226 |
| Experienced Negative Effects with Cannabis Use (%) | 24 (42.1) | 30 (69.8) | 0.008 | 34 (50.7) | 20 (60.6) | 0.392 | 18 (37.5) | 13 (59.1) | 0.106 |
| Negative Effects (%) | |||||||||
| Short-term memory loss | 10 (17.5) | 15 (34.9) | 0.047 | 17 (25.4) | 8 (24.2) | 0.902 | 7 (14.6) | 8 (36.4) | 0.039 |
| Increased anxiety | 16 (28.1) | 20 (46.5) | 0.057 | 24 (35.8) | 12 (36.4) | 0.958 | 12 (25.0) | 11 (50.0) | 0.039 |
| Paranoia | 8 (14.0) | 18 (41.9) | 0.002 | 16 (23.9) | 10 (30.3) | 0.491 | 6 (12.5) | 9 (40.9) | 0.007 |