Table 4.

Multivariable linear regression model analyzing the predictors of a longer hospitalization after MVD.

Predictor	Definition	Coefficient (Days)	95% CI	P-Value
Model 1: Preoperative and Operative Predictors
ASA Class	I-II	Ref.	--	--
	III-IV	0.45	0.14 – 0.76	.004
	Missing	1.04	−3.31 – 5.40	.64
Number of Comorbidities	0	Ref.
	1	0.08	−0.27 – 0.43	.66
	2	−0.14	−0.61 – 0.33	.56
	≥3	−0.54	−1.25 – 0.17	.13
Hypertension		0.44	0.06 – 0.81	.02
Diabetes Mellitus		0.49	−0.14 – 1.11	.13
Operative Time	< 180 Minutes	Ref.	--	--
	180–210 Minutes	−0.04	−0.43 – 0.34	.84
	> 210 Minutes	0.39	0.03 – 0.75	.03
Model 2: Preoperative, Operative, and Postoperative Predictors
ASA Class	I-II	Ref.	--	--
	III-IV	0.36	0.06 – 0.67	.02
	Missing	1.19	−3.10 – 5.47	.59
Number of Comorbidities	0	Ref.	--	--
	1	0.10	−0.25 – 0.45	.57
	2	−0.06	−0.52 – 0.41	.81
	≥3	−0.36	−1.06 – 0.35	.32
Hypertension		0.43	0.07 – 0.80	.02
Diabetes Mellitus		0.17	−0.46 – 0.80	.59
Operative Time	< 180 Minutes	Ref.	--	--
	180–210 Minutes	−0.02	−0.40 – 0.36	.93
	> 210 Minutes	0.36	0.00 – 0.71	.048
Postoperative Complications	Airway	2.38	0.36 – 4.40	.02
	Cardiac	5.24	2.05 – 8.43	.001
	VTE	3.53	1.37 – 5.68	.001
	Pneumonia	2.41	−0.05 – 4.87	.06

Statistically significant differences are bolded.

Abbreviations: ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists, CI = confidence interval. Linear regression was utilized to identify pre-operative clinical factors associated with prolonged hospital stay; positive coefficients are factors that are associated with longer stays, while negative values are associated with shorter stays.