Table 1.
Age-standardized characteristics of ovarian cancer cases and controls at the time of urine collection (NHS 2000–2002, NHSII 1996–1999, SWHS 1997–2000)
| NHS | NHSII | SWHS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n=247) | Case (n=123) | Control (n=141) | Case (n=71) | Control (n=212) | Case (n=110) | |
| PGEM ng/ creatinine mg, mean (SD) | 6.1(3.5) | 5.9(3.8) | 4.8(3.3) | 5.0(3.8) | 7.4(4.3) | 7.6(3.9) |
| Age at specimen collection, mean (SD)*† | 68.0(6.5) | 67.9(6.4) | 44.8(4.5) | 44.6(4.5) | 53.1(8.1) | 53.0(8.0) |
| Years from collection to diagnosis, mean (SD)* | -- | 5.9(3.9) | -- | 7.6(5.0) | -- | 5.5(2.9) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 25.7(4.0) | 25.6(4.5) | 26.2(6.2) | 27.7(7.2) | 24.0(3.6) | 24.6(3.7) |
| Menopausal status and hormone therapy (HT)‡, % | ||||||
| - Premenopausal, % | 1.2 | 0.8 | 80.5 | 82.4 | 47.0 | 44.3 |
| - Postmenopausal/no HT, % | 37.7 | 31.8 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 45.6 | 45.7 |
| - Postmenopausal/HT use, % | 59.9 | 67.1 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 9.1 |
| - Unknown, % | 1.2 | 0.3 | 8.0 | 6.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Parity, % | ||||||
| - Nulliparous, % | 3.2 | 4.1 | 20.7 | 23.7 | 2.7 | 4.6 |
| - 1 child, % | 6.1 | 5.7 | 8.5 | 16.9 | 12.3 | 15.1 |
| - 2 children, % | 27.9 | 32.9 | 44.0 | 45.5 | 29.4 | 22.5 |
| - 3 children, % | 25.1 | 27.3 | 19.0 | 8.3 | 26.0 | 27.0 |
| - 4+ children, % | 37.7 | 30.1 | 7.8 | 5.6 | 29.5 | 30.8 |
| Ever IUD use, % | 5.7 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 4.2 | 57.7 | 53.5 |
| Oral contraceptive (OC) use, % | ||||||
| - Never, % | 53.5 | 47.3 | 13.4 | 18.4 | 76.6 | 78.6 |
| - <1 year, % | 12.1 | 15.6 | 9.2 | 12.5 | 6.1 | 10.3 |
| - 1–5 years, % | 19.4 | 21.5 | 40.4 | 43.5 | 7.0 | 6.7 |
| - 5+ years, % | 15.0 | 15.6 | 37.0 | 25.6 | 10.3 | 4.4 |
| Tubal ligation, % | 22.2 | 18.4 | 29.2 | 11.3 | 11.9 | 17.0 |
| Hysterectomy, % | 28.4 | 35.9 | 12.3 | 15.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
| Family history of ovarian cancer§, % | 2.8 | 5.7 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||
| - Never, % | 47.8 | 50.7 | 70.2 | 63.6 | 97.6 | 94.8 |
| - Past, % | 47.4 | 45.1 | 22.7 | 26.6 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| - Current, % | 4.8 | 4.1 | 7.1 | 9.8 | 1.9 | 4.2 |
| Regular aspirin use, % | 44.6 | 52.2 | 13.6 | 18.2 | 1.8 | 4.4 |
Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
Values of polytomous variables may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
*
Value is not age adjusted.
†
Matching factor in NHS, NHSII, SWHS.
‡
Menopausal status was a matching factor for all studies; HT use was a matching factor in NHS (2005–2015) and NHSII only.
§
No SWHS participants in this nested case-control study reported a family history of ovarian cancer.