Fig. 1.

System setup and characterization. (a) Solidworks design scheme. (b) Comparison of the 3D-printed miniscope with a U.S. quarter coin. The LED illuminates blue light peaked at 488 nm. The indicator on the camera sensor emits red light when turned on. (c) Representative point-spread function (PSF) of the miniscope, taken with a 200-nm fluorescent bead, exhibits FWHM values of 3.6 µm and 33 µm in the lateral and axial dimensions, respectively. (d) Image of a 1951 USAF target, with fluorescent tapes attached to the rear surface. (e) Cross-sectional profile along the solid line in the inset, which shows the zoomed-in image of the boxed region in (d). The profile resolves the caliber lines separated by a known distance of 8.8 µm over 9 pixels (physical pixel size = 6 μm), determining the ~6x magnification of the system. Scale bars: 5 mm (a), 3 μm (c), 50 μm (d), 10 μm (e).