Table 3.

Simple and multi-variable logistic regression for the associated risk factors of asthenopia

	OR Unadjusted	95% CI	P-Value	OR Adjusted	95% CI	P-Value
Sex
Female	1.44	1.01–2.05	0.041
Male	Reference
Age group (year)
18–19	1.85	0.85–4.02	0.111	1.66	0.73–3.77	0.203
20–21	1.68	0.89–3.18	0.101	1.68	0.78–3.65	0.167
22–23	1.79	1.03–3.13	0.042	1.69	0.87–3.29	0.108
24–25	1.89	0.90–3.96	0.085	1.89	0.83–4.31	0.116
26–27	2.17	0.90–5.20	0.077	2.06	0.93–4.55	0.071
28–29	3.15	1.40–7.07	0.01	3.51	1.26–9.89	0.021
≥ 30	Reference		Reference
Refractive error
Emmetropia	Reference
Myopia	1.58	1.27–1.98	0.001
Hyperopia	1.89	0.38–9.35	0.394
Astigmatism
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.6	1.24–2.06	0.002	1.61	1.22–2.13	0.003
BMI
Normal	Reference
Underweight	1.1	0.71–1.72	0.617
Overweight	1.08	079–1.48	0.584
Semester
1–4($\le$ 2 year)	Reference
> 4(> 2 year)	0.9	0.69–1.17	0.418
Anisometropia
No	Reference
Yes	1.58	0.584.14	0.337
Near Phoria
No	Reference
Eso	1.06	0.79–1.42	0.671
Exo	2.76	0.98–7.75	0.054
Hyper	0.56	0.12–2.66	0.427
AA (diopter)	0.95	0.92–0.98	0.007
NPC (cm)	0.91	0.87–0.96	< 0.002	0.91	0.86–0.97	0.008
AA, accommodative amplitude; BMI, body mass index; NPC, near point of convergence; OR, odds ratio