Table 2.
Association between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Risk of Gastric Cancer
| Variables | OR1 (95% CI) | p value | OR2 (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal or primary education | 0.54 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1.70 (1.13-2.58) | 0.01 | 0.80 (0.38-1.65) | |
| Farmer | 0.87 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.99 (0.66-1.50) | 0.97 | 0.95 (0.49-1.82) | |
| Married or living with a partner | 0.15 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 2.41 (1.28-4.54) | 0.006 | 1.98 (0.78-5.05) | |
| Socioeconomic status of now | 0.14 | |||
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Low | 2.56 (1.71-3.83) | < 0.001 | 1.73 (0.84-3.59) | |
| Socioeconomic status 10 years ago | 0.02 | |||
| High | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Low | 2.89 (1.99-4.19) | < 0.001 | 2.10 (1.13-3.89) | |
| Smoking | 0.05 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.60 (0.38-0.94) | 0.03 | 0.51 (0.25-1.01) | |
| Alcohol intake | 0.91 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.85 (0.51-1.40) | 0.51 | 0.96 (0.45-2.05) | |
| Green tea intake | 0.005 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 2.67 (1.63-4.37) | < 0.001 | 2.91 (1.38-6.13) | |
| Eating quickly | 0.57 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.44 (0.26-0.75) | 0.003 | 0.57 (0.24-1.34) | |
| Irregular eating habit | 0.62 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.99 (0.66-1.47) | 0.95 | 0.85 (0.46-1.59) | |
| Consumption of hot food | 0.62 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.58 (0.30-1.11) | 0.10 | 0.79 (0.31-2.02) | |
| Consumption of | hard food | 0.04 | ||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.26 (0.15-0.45) | < 0.001 | 0.45 (0.21-0.98) | |
| Consumption of salty food | 0.56 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.62 (0.43-0.89) | 0.01 | 0.85 (0.48-1.49) | |
| Consumption of spicy food | 0.61 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.99 (0.66-1.48) | 0.95 | 0.83 (0.42-1.67) | |
| Consumption of vinegar | 0.06 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 1.75 (1.20-2.57) | 0.004 | 1.85 (0.98-3.47) | |
| Omission of breakfast | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.21 (0.14-0.32) | < 0.001 | 0.33 (0.19-0.58) | |
| Consumption of pickled vegetable 30 years ago | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.45 (0.32-0.64) | < 0.001 | 0.35 (0.20-0.63) | |
| Overeating | 0.04 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.63 (0.43-0.93) | 0.02 | 0.54 (0.30-0.97) | |
| Working after eating immediately | 0.16 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.54 (0.36-0.81) | 0.003 | 0.63 (0.33-1.20) | |
| Family disharmony | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.14 (0.08-0.24) | < 0.001 | 0.25 (0.12-0.51) | |
| Mental stimulation or trauma | 0.04 | |||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| No | 0.27 (0.12-0.58) | 0.001 | 0.27 (0.08-0.93) |
1
, Crude odd ratio;
2
, Adjusted to body mass index, H, Pylori infection, family history of gastric cancer, and chronic atrophic gastritis.