Fig. 4.

Experimental validation of CFIN functional assessments of the heart. (A) Methodology for determining fractional shortening (FS) using EDD (vertical line in A) and ESD (vertical line in A′). Scale bars: 100 μm. Red asterisk denotes Dox autofluorescence. V-, ventricle. (B) FS measurements of doxorubicin (DOX)-treated embryos and control siblings. (C-E) CFIN’s assessment of ejection fraction (EF; C), heart rate (HR; D) and cardiac output (CO; E) within the same experimental cohort. (F-H) CFIN's assessment of EF (F), HR (G) and CO (H) in 48 hpf embryos treated with isoproterenol. Significance is denoted as *P<0.05, **P<0.005, ***P<0.0005, ****P<0.00005, or ns (not significant) as determined by the Student's two-tailed t-test.