Table 3. Anthropometric measurements, FBS, HbA1c, lipid profile, and BP of the patients at the beginning and at the end of the study.
| Variables | Groups | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention (n = 29) | Control (n = 28) | |||
| Weight (kg) | ||||
| Before | 75.17 ± 14.33 | 77.25 ± 10.21 | 0.53 | |
| After | 74.34 ± 13.77 | 76.36 ± 8.69 | 0.51 | |
| Change | −0.83 ± 1.54 | −0.89 ± 2.49 | 0.91 | |
| p value† | 0.008 | 0.06 | ||
| WC (cm) | ||||
| Before | 91.00 ± 10.37 | 92.35 ± 8.26 | 0.59 | |
| After | 87.18 ± 10.21 | 91.24 ± 6.45 | 0.08 | |
| Change | −4.14 ± 2.20 | −1.28 ± 3.24 | < 0.001 | |
| p value | < 0.001 | 0.04 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Before | 29.32 ± 3.42 | 29.54 ± 3.94 | 0.83 | |
| After | 28.92 ± 3.30 | 28.99 ± 3.53 | 0.88 | |
| Change | −0.40 ± 0.52 | −0.55 ± 1.66 | 0.30 | |
| p value | < 0.001 | 0.02 | ||
| WHR | ||||
| Before | 0.57 ± 0.05 | 0.57 ± 0.06 | 0.95 | |
| After | 0.55 ± 0.05 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.009 | |
| Change | −0.02 ± 0.013 | −0.01 ± 0.016 | 0.009 | |
| p value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
| FBS (mg/dL) | ||||
| Before | 114.14 ± 33.63 | 139.38 ± 50.14 | 0.03 | |
| After | 118.36 ± 26.72 | 154.11 ± 52.55 | 0.004 | |
| Change | 4.21 ± 26.03 | 25.27 ± 36.66 | 0.02 | |
| p value | 0.39 | 0.002 | ||
| HbA1c (%) | ||||
| Before | 6.4 ± 1.1 | 7.32 ± 1.59 | 0.01 | |
| After | 6.10 ± 1.02 | 7.17 ± 1.59 | 0.005 | |
| Change | −0.3 ± 0.36 | −0.15 ± 1.01 | 0.47 | |
| p value | < 0.001 | 0.44 | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | ||||
| Before | 12.32 ± 1.28 | 12.86 ± 1.06 | 0.09 | |
| After | 11.86 ± 1.25 | 12.76 ± 1.23 | 0.008 | |
| Change | −0.46 ± 1.11 | −0.10 ± 1.11 | 0.23 | |
| p value | 0.04 | 0.62 | ||
| DBP (mmHg) | ||||
| Before | 7.32 ± 0.99 | 7.79 ± 0.9 | 0.03 | |
| After | 7.23 ± 0.90 | 7.98 ± 0.74 | 0.004 | |
| Change | −0.09 ± 0.94 | 0.19 ± 0.78 | 0.66 | |
| p value | 0.62 | 0.20 | ||
| TC (mg/dL) | ||||
| Before | 166.96 ± 31.81 | 164.62 ± 37.61 | 0.96 | |
| After | 164.21 ± 38.90 | 177.41 ± 38.40 | 0.065 | |
| Change | −2.75 ± 17.02 | 12.79 ± 26.39 | 0.042 | |
| p value | 0.40 | 0.07 | ||
| TG (mg/dL) | ||||
| Before | 145.00 ± 68.4 | 156.52 ± 72.47 | 0.43 | |
| After | 134.78 ± 47.21 | 152.96 ± 51.10 | 0.17 | |
| Change | −10.22 ± 38.15 | −3.56 ± 36.29 | 0.52 | |
| p value | 0.83 | 0.48 | ||
| HDL (mg/dL) | ||||
| Before | 47.37 ± 10.07 | 44.47 ± 9.2 | 0.25 | |
| After | 48.99 ± 9.48 | 46.10 ± 8.79 | 0.24 | |
| Change | 1.59 ± 3.13 | 1.81 ± 5.76 | 0.86 | |
| p value | 0.01 | 0.11 | ||
| LDL (mg/dL) | ||||
| Before | 78.91 ± 21.93 | 80.79 ± 23.18 | 0.75 | |
| After | 82.69 ± 26.92 | 87.40 ± 26.73 | 0.51 | |
| Change | 3.77 ± 11.05 | 6.61 ± 21.96 | 0.54 | |
| p value | 0.08 | 0.12 | ||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; BP, blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist to height ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
*Calculated by independent sample t-test; †calculated by paired t-test.