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. 2019 Sep 23;38(21):e102718. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019102718

Figure 2. cGAS promotes irradiation‐induced micronucleus generation and cell death.

Figure 2

  • A, B
    Micronuclei (indicated by arrowhead) in GFP‐NLS‐ or GFP‐hcGAS‐expressing HEK293 cells before (0 h) or 24 h after γ‐irradiation (IR; 10 Gy). Scale bar: 10 μm (A). (B) The average MNs/cell. Graphs show mean ± SEM (= 3 independent experiments) representing six different microscopic fields with over 200 cells.
  • C
    IFNB1 response in HEK293 cells stimulated with transfected plasmid DNA. Mean ± SEM of = 3 independent experiments.
  • D
    Experimental outline for micronucleus generation and cell death after γ‐irradiation.
  • E
    Micronucleus (indicated by arrowhead) and cGAS staining in WT and cGAS−/− BMDMos exposed to γ‐irradiation (10 Gy). Scale bar: 10 μm.
  • F
    Average MNs/cell in BMDMos. MN graphs show mean ± SEM (= 3 independent experiments) representing eight different microscopic fields with over 200 cells.
  • G
    Cell death in WT and cGAS−/− BMDMos that were first synchronized at G2/M, then γ‐irradiated (10 Gy) followed by release and analysis at indicated time points. Mean ± SD, x biological triplicates (= 3) per treatment group are shown.
Data information: Statistical significance in (B), (C), and (F) was assessed using unpaired two‐tailed Student's t‐test. ***P ≤ 0.001 and ****P ≤ 0.0001. Statistical significance in (G) was assessed using two‐way ANOVA test, ****P < 0.0001.Source data are available online for this figure.