Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of patients with and without LAT detected by TOE performed for electrical cardioversion of AF
| LAT found (n = 91) | No LAT found (n = 1022) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 67.3 ± 9.4 | 64.2 ± 10.8 | 0.0095 |
| 65–74 | 33 (36.3) | 357 (34.9) | 0.8191 |
| >65 | 53 (58.2) | 500 (48.9) | 0.1007 |
| ≥75 | 24 (26.4) | 173 (16.9) | 0.0308 |
| Male | 55 (60.4) | 678 (66.3) | 0.2515 |
| Weight (kg) | |||
| Mean ± SD | 86.5 ± 15.05 | 90.7 ± 18.0 | 0.0309 |
| ≤60 kg | 1 (1.1) | 26 (2.5) | 0.7188 |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 29.9 ± 5.1 | 30.4 ± 5.5 | 0.4312 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score (mean ± SD) | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 1.5 | 0.0571 |
| HAS-BLED score (mean ± SD) | 1.0 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 0.3713 |
| Current VKA user | 50 (54.9) | 469 (45.9) | 0.1011 |
| Current NOAC user | 14 (15.4) | 181 (17.7) | 0.6669 |
| CrCl (mL/min) | 80.1 ± 30.6 | 93.2 ± 33.9 | 0.0007 |
| TtTR (days) | 6.4 ± 3.3 | 7.6 ± 5.1 | 0.2658 |
| TiTR (% of time) | 74.5 (32.2) | 72.1 (28.9) | 0.6279 |
| TTR (% of time) | 62.1 (34.2) | 57.5 (33.2) | 0.4219 |
| Medical history | |||
| CHF | 54 (59.3) | 439 (43.0) | 0.0029 |
| CAD | 17 (18.7) | 174 (17.0) | 0.6647 |
| Diabetes | 19 (20.9) | 188 (18.4) | 0.5740 |
| Hypertension | 68 (74.7) | 825 (80.7) | 0.1708 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (4.4) | 63 (6.2) | 0.6477 |
| Valvular heart disease | 20 (22.0) | 302 (29.5) | 0.1477 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 8 (8.8) | 48 (4.7) | 0.1254 |
| Ischaemic stroke/TIA | 4 (4.4) | 78 (7.6) | 0.3989 |
| Intracranial bleeding | 0 | 1 (0.1) | 1.0000 |
| Life-threatening bleed | 1 (1.1) | 2 (0.2) | 0.2260 |
| AF history | |||
| Paroxysmal (≤7 days) | 17 (18.7) | 233 (22.8) | 0.4321 |
| Persistent (>7 days, <1 year) | 74 (81.3) | 789 (77.2) | |
| Drug treatmenta | |||
| Aspirin | 18 (19.8) | 194 (19.0) | 0.8892 |
| Lipid-modifying agents | 33 (36.3) | 392 (38.4) | 0.7365 |
| Beta blockers | 75 (82.4) | 797 (78.0) | 0.3556 |
| ACEI/ARB | 52 (57.1) | 660 (64.6) | 0.1718 |
| Diuretics | 49 (53.8) | 410 (40.1) | 0.0141 |
| VKA/NOAC | 55 (60.4) | 515 (50.3) | 0.0795 |
P-values are from 1-way ANOVA model for numerical data and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. Data reported as n (%) unless otherwise noted.
During the 30 days before enrolment.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHA2DS2-VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75, diabetes mellitus, and prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category; CHF, congestive heart failure; CrCl, creatinine clearance; HAS-BLED, hypertension, abnormal renal and liver function, stroke, bleeding history or disposition, labile INR, elderly, drugs or alcohol; INR, international normalized ratio; LAT, left atrium thrombi; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TiTR, time in treatment range; TTR, time in treatment range calculated using the Rosendaal method; TtTR, time to treatment range; TOE, transoesophageal echocardiography; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.