Figure 2. Opsonised AdV‐dependent IL‐1β and TNF release can occur without concurrent cell death.

IL‐1 β, TNF (left axis) and LDH release (right axis) in the cell supernatants were measured 16 h after stimulation.

• A
  AdV‐GFP was incubated with 20 μg/ml h9C12 antibody or 20 mg/ml IVIg in PBS. These AdV‐Ab complexes were then diluted 1:2 to give final doses of viral particles being added to WT THP‐1 cells (with antibody complexed) as indicated. A single experiment representative of three independent experiments is shown.
• B
  THP‐1s were stimulated with a constant dose of AdV‐GFP (50,000 pp/cell) and complexed with decreasing antibody concentrations as indicated. A single experiment representative of two independent experiments is shown.
• C, D
  HMDM were stimulated directly (TNF) or primed (IL‐1β, LDH) with AdV‐Ab complexes as in (B). Data for each individual donor (two total) are shown.
• E, F
  THP‐1s were stimulated with AdV (50,000 pp/cell) complexed with h9C12 (20 μg/ml) or IVIg (20 or 0.8 mg/ml) for 16 h, and cell death was measured by LDH release (E) or cell viability measured by PrestoBlue assay (F) (n = 3, mean ± s.e.m. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.005, ***P ≤ 0.001 unpaired, two‐tailed t‐test).
• G, H
  HMDM were primed, or not, and stimulated with AdV (50,000 pp/cell) complexed with h9C12 (20 μg/ml) or IVIg (20 or 0.8 mg/ml) for 16 h, and cell death was measured by LDH release (G) or cell viability measured by PrestoBlue assay (H) (n = 4, mean ± s.e.m. *P ≤ 0.05, **P ≤ 0.005, paired, two‐tailed t‐test).