Table 2.
The clinical characteristics in the cohort of COPD patients and the frequency of the comorbidities.
| Characteristic | COPD Patients |
|---|---|
| Smoking, pack-year, median (range) | 40 (0.8–160) |
| GOLD classification | |
| A | 172 (26.1) |
| B | 171 (25.9) |
| C | 172 (26.1) |
| D | 145 (21.9) |
| FEV1/FVC, %, mean (SD) | 56.66 (21.6) |
| FEV1, %, mean (SD) | 55.13 (22.0) |
| Cough | 597/704 (84.8) |
| mMRC 1 | |
| 0 | 59 (8.4) |
| 1 | 168 (23.9) |
| 2 | 238 (33.9) |
| 3 | 166 (23.6) |
| 4 | 72 (10.2) |
| Annual exacerbation rate | |
| 0 | 234 (33.2) |
| 2 | 346 (49.1) |
| >2 | 124 (17.6) |
| Hospital admission | 276 (39.2) |
| Number of comorbidities | |
| 0 | 117 (16.6) |
| 1 | 203 (28.8) |
| 2 | 201 (28.6) |
| ≥3 | 183 (26) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 49 (7%) |
| Arterial hypertension | 353 (50.1%) |
| Lung cancer | 72 (10.2%) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 196 (27.8%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 100 (14.2%) |
| Extrapulmonary neoplasms | 63 (8.9%) |
| Chronic gastritis /GERD | 71 (10.1%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 29 (4.1%) |
| Osteoporosis | 35 (5%) |
| Psychiatric disorders | 37 (5.3%) |
Data are presented as number (%). 1 0, breathless with strenuous exercise; 1, shortness of breath when hurrying on the level or walking up a slight hill; 2, shortness of breath when walking its own pace on the level; 3, shortness of breath after walking about 100 m; 4, breathless when dressing. GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnea; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.