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. 2019 Oct 17;11(10):1580. doi: 10.3390/cancers11101580

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Graphical overview of cellular lncRNA actions. Decoy: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) can act as molecular sponges for miRNAs and transcription factors (not depicted), thereby preventing these molecules from binding to their actual targets. Transcription regulation: in combination with diverse transcription factors, lncRNAs possess the ability to regulate cellular transcription. Guide: lncRNA can act as guides for chromatin-modifying enzymes to target genes. Scaffold: lncRNAs are able to form ribonucleoprotein complexes with different protein partners. This complex, consisting of lncRNAs and proteins can regulate transcription. In each panel, representative examples of lncRNAs are given.