Table 4.
Characteristics of amino acid datasets of sperm individualization proteins of insects deduced from information in public databases (B: unbiased [0] and sex-biased [1] genes; N: non-interacting [0] and interacting [1]), as well as information deduced from their phylogenetic analyses, including duplications (D: single [0] and multicopy [1]), evolutionary rates, evolutionary rate heterogeneity (ucld.stdev), and the estimated age of the clade Coleoptera.
| Gene | B/D/N | Substitution Rate (×10−3) | ucld.stdev | Age Coleoptera |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hmw | 1/0/0 | 9.67 ± 1.349 | 2.972 | - |
| Dark | 0/0/1 | 5.27 ± 0.282 | 0.418 | 264.2 [214.3–314.2] |
| blanks | 1/1/1 | 4.38 ± 0.382 | 0.483 | 310.6 [248.2–376.1] |
| Dredd | 0/0/1 | 4.23 ± 0.219 | 0.309 | 278.4 [239.2–315.8] |
| Fadd | 0/0/1 | 4.21 ± 0.277 | 0.345 | - |
| Dronc | 0/1/1 | 3.62 ± 0.221 | 0.391 | 379.8 [339.5–426.0] b |
| Duba | 0/0/1 | 3.18 ± 0.257 | 0.566 | 348.2 [248.5–450.2] b |
| nsr | 1/1/0 | 3.00 ± 0.279 | 0.672 | 194.1 [127.4–262.5] |
| Bug22 | 0/1/0 | 2.82 ± 0.278 | 0.559 | - |
| scat | 1/0/0 | 2.73 ± 0.259 | >3 a | 267.8 [185.8–359.0] |
| aux | 0/0/1 | 2.45 ± 0.154 | 0.386 | 311.0 [252.3–372.7] |
| nes | 0/0/0 | 2.27 ± 0.130 | 0.423 | 307.2 [253.7–365.2] b |
| poe | 0/0/0 | 2.10 ± 0.174 | >3 a | 328.7 [227.3–433.1] |
| Osbp | 0/1/0 | 2.05 ± 0.180 | 0.601 | 299.6 [230.3–375.4] b |
| Npc1a | 0/1/0 | 1.91 ± 0.157 | >3 a | 334.2 [231.5–442.6] |
| didum | 0/0/1 | 1.90 ± 0.126 | 0.511 | 337.0 [264.9–419.9] |
| Pen | 0/1/0 | 1.78 ± 0.120 | 0.531 | 273.2 [208.2–340.5] |
| klhl10 | 1/1/1 | 1.69 ± 0.124 | 0.816 | - |
| Prosalpha6T | 1/1/0 | 1.68 ± 0.151 | 0.559 | 248.5 [185.6–315.1] |
| oys | 0/0/0 | 1.57 ± 0.127 | 0.558 | - |
| gudu | 1/0/0 | 1.45 ± 0.115 | 0.553 | 347.7 [258.1–444.1] |
| Ance | 0/1/0 | 1.42 ± 0.099 | 0.396 | - |
| sw | 0/0/1 | 1.38 ± 0.171 | 3.712 | 247.5 [133.2–374.3] |
| Taz | 0/0/0 | 1.33 ± 0.111 | 0.607 | 312.2 [231.9–401.0] |
| Mer | 0/0/1 | 1.30 ± 0.130 | 0.936 | 304.5 [208.4–409.9] |
| skap | 0/1/1 | 1.15 ± 0.116 | 0.557 | 314.4 [214.9–424.3] b |
| CdsA | 0/0/0 | 1.15 ± 0.103 | 0.629 | 350.5 [258.6–440.6] b |
| jar | 0/0/1 | 1.06 ± 0.086 | 0.482 | 403.2 [315.0–494.6] b |
| porin | 0/0/0 | 0.99 ± 0.106 | 0.779 | - |
| Lasp | 0/0/1 | 0.98 ± 0.138 | 0.930 | 451.5 [288.4–633.0] b |
| Cul3 | 0/1/1 | 0.98 ± 0.130 | 3.798 | 223.1 [112.6–351.7] b |
| EcR | 0/0/0 | 0.93 ± 0.091 | 0.789 | - |
| heph | 0/0/0 | 0.90 ± 0.118 | 3.919 | - |
| eIF3m | 0/0/1 | 0.86 ± 0.084 | 0.480 | 363.0 [277.4–462.1] |
| shi | 0/0/1 | 0.74 ± 0.092 | 3.847 | 253.2 [124.3–397.0] |
| Past1 | 0/1/1 | 0.71 ± 0.069 | 0.713 | 387.4 [273.0–513.2] b |
| Vps28 | 0/0/0 | 0.63 ± 0.079 | 0.822 | - |
| gish | 0/1/0 | 0.47 ± 0.070 | 4.174 | 262.9 [137.6–401.9] |
| mlt | 0/0/0 | 0.42 ± 0.523 | 3.268 | 244.6 [121.4–368.1] b |
| Chc | 0/0/1 | 0.32 ± 0.035 | 0.700 | 346.6 [242.1–464.4] |
| orb2 | 0/1/0 | 0.24 ± 0.035 | 1.414 | 180.4 [52.1–328.6] |
a Data analyzed under exponential relaxed clock, with ucld.stdev estimated from inconclusive runs under an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock; b Coleoptera is rendered paraphyletic by the inclusion of Strepsiptera.