Table 4.
The association between oral health conditions and hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and biliary tract cancer risk in the UK Biobank cohort study.
| Oral health | Non-cases/ cancer cases | Model 1a HR (95% CI) | Model 2b HR (95% CI) | Model 3c HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | ||||
| Good oral healthd | 399,478 /70 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Poor oral healthe | 70,061/19 | 1.91 (1.17–3.12) | 2.07 (1.27–3.38) | 1.75 (1.04–2.92) |
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | ||||
| Good oral health | 399,474/74 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Poor oral health | 70,068/12 | 0.91 (0.49–1.67) | 0.89 (0.49–1.65) | 0.81 (0.43–1.53) |
| Biliary tract cancer | ||||
| Good oral health | 399,459/89 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Poor oral health | 70,062/18 | 1.35 (0.81–2.24) | 1.34 (0.80–2.22) | 1.29 (0.77–2.19) |
BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio.
a
Model 1: unadjusted model.
b
Model 2: age and sex adjusted.
c
Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, tertiary education degree, smoking status, alcohol status, BMI, waist circumference, daily consumption of fruit and vegetables.
d
Good oral health: includes mouth ulcers, toothache/dentures.
e
Poor oral health: includes painful gums, bleeding gums and loose teeth.