Table 3.

Anti-oxLDL antibodies and cardiac endpoints in subjects without prevalent coronary artery disease.

Author	Study	Follow-up Period, Years	Statistical Method	Matching Variables	Confounders Adjusted for in Statistical Analysis	Endpoint	IgG Anti-oxLDL	IgM Anti-oxLDL
Björkbacka [14]	Cohort study	>15	Multivariable Cox regression		Age, gender, LDL, HDL, SBP, triglycerides, hs-CRP, smoking, anti-hypertensive treatment, diabetes	Fatal and non-fatal MI, ischemic heart disease	Adjusted HR between tertiles: IgG anti-MDA-LDL p45: 1.00 vs 0.85 (0.66–1.11) vs 0.89 (0.68–1.16) p trend:0.89; IgG anti-MDA-LDL p210: 1.00 vs 0.81 (0.63–1.06) vs 0.96 (0.74–1.23) p trend: 0.29	Adjusted HR between tertiles: IgM anti-MDA-LDL p45: 1.00 vs 0.79 (0.t62–0.99) vs 0.59 (0.46–0.76) p trend: 0.001; IgM anti-MDA-LDL p210: 1.00 vs 0.81 (0.63–1.06) vs 0.96 (0.74–1.23) p trend: 0.29
Khamis [20]	Nested case-control study	5.5 (median)	Conditional logistic regression	Age, Gender	Smoking, diabetes, SBP, total cholesterol, HDL, creatinine, BMI, family history of CAD, anti-hypertensive and statin treatment, CRP, NTproBNP	Fatal coronary heart disease, symptomatic non-fatal MI, coronary revascularization, fatal and non-fatal stroke	Adjusted OR per SD increase: IgG anti-MDA-LDL 0.83 (0.72–0.95)	Adjusted OR per SD increase: IgM anti-MDA-LDL 0.90 (0.78–1.03)
Prasad [17]	Cohort study	10.5 (median)	Multivariabel Cox regression		Age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, BMI, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, ethnicity	Cardiac death, non-fatal MI, stroke/TIA, unstable angina requiring hospitalization and arterial vascularization that included CABG, PCI, carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting and peripheral artery revascularization	Adjusted HR 4th quartile vs first quartile: IgG anti-MDA-LDL: 1.97 (1.30–2.99)	Adjusted HR 4th quartile vs first quartile: IgM anti-MDA-LDL: 0.96 (0.63–1.45)
Ravandi [21]	Nested case-control study	6 (mean)	Conditional logistic regression	Age, gender, time of enrollment	Diabetes, smoking, SBP, LDL, HDL	cardiac death, hospital admission with CAD	Adjusted OR between tertiles: IgG anti-MDA-LDL 1.00 vs 0.80 (0.64–1.00) vs 0.94 (0.75–1.18), ptrend: 0.4	Adjusted OR between tertiles: IgM anti-MDA-LDL: 1.00 vs 1.01 (0.81–1.26) vs 0.91 (0.72–1.15), p trend: 0.6
Tsimikas [10]	Cohort study	> 15	Multivariabel Cox regression		Age, Gender, previous CVD, SBP, smoking, diabetes, ferritin, LDL, HDL, alcohol consumption, social status, sport activity, CRP	Stroke, MI, new-onset unstable angina, acute coronary interventions and cardiac death	Adjusted HR: IgG anti-cu-oxLDL: 1.18 (1.03–1.37)	Adjusted HR: IgM anti-MDA-LDL: 0.69 (0.50–0.95)
Van den Berg [22]	Nested case-control study	4.5 (mean)	Conditional logistic regression	Age, gender, time of enrollment	Smoking, diabetes, baseline HDL, blood pressure treatments, either total IgG or total IgM.	fatal MI, non-fatal MI Q-wave criterium, non-fatal MI T-wave criterium, sudden death, new-onset ischemic heart disease or new-onset congestive heart failure	Adjusted OR between tertiles per SD increase in loge IgG anti-MDA-LDL: 1.00 vs 0.65(0.33–1.28) vs 0.93 (0.45–1.92) ptrend: 0.82	Adjusted OR between tertiles per SD increase in loge IgM anti-MDA-LDL: 1.00 vs 0.90 (0.45–1.80) vs 0.29 (0.11–0.76) ptrend: 0.016
Wilson [19]	Cohort study	> 8	Multivariabel Cox regression		Age, total cholesterol, HDL, smoking, SBP	Angina pectoris, unstable anginga pectoris, MI, cardiac death, TIA and stroke	Adjusted HR males and females per 1000 units: IgG anti-MDA-LDL: 1.00 (1-1); IgG anti-MDA-LDL: 1.00 (1-1)

Legend: HR: hazard ratio, Ig: immunoglobulin, LDL: low density lipoprotein, MDA: malondiadehyde, OR: odds ratio, SD: standard deviation.