Table 2.

List of proposed markers associated with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).

S. No.	Gene Name (Symbol)	Reference Number
Up-regulated genes
1.	Synaptophysin/major synaptic vesicle protein p38 (SYP)	[10,81]
2.	Chromogranin A and B (CHGA/CHGB)	[10,81]
3.	Aurora kinase A (AURKA)	[10,65]
4.	Neuroblastoma-derived v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene (N-MYC)	[10,65,85]
5.	Enhancer Of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit (EZH2)	[53,74,85,86]
6.	Neuron-specific enolase (NSE/ENO2)	[10,81,87]
7.	Calcitonin (CALC1)	[88,89]
8.	Secretogranin II (SCG2) and III (SCG3)	[45,90,91]
9.	Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)	[92]
10.	Gastrin Releasing Peptide (GRP)	[93]
11.	NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2.1)/Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) and NKX2.2	[94,95,96]
12.	Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM1/CD56)	[48,97]
13.	Forkhead Box A2 (FOXA2)	[98,99,100,101]
14.	WNT11	[102]
15.	POU Class 3 Homeobox 2 (POU3F2/BRN2)	[103,104]
16.	Serine/Arginine Repetitive Matrix 4 (SRRM4) (RNA splicing factor)	[45,46,105]
17.	Sex Determining Region Y (SRY)-Box 2 (SOX2) and SOX11	[23,57,96,103,106]
18.	Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (CEACAM5) or CD63E	[107]
19.	human achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASH1/ASCL1)	[108,109]
20.	Paternally expressed10 (PEG10)	[86,110,111]
21.	TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement	[67,112,113]
22.	P16 or cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	[71]
23.	Delta-like protein 3 (DLL3)	[114]
Gene loss/Down-regulated genes
1.	Androgen receptor (AR)	[10]
2.	Prostate-specific antigen/ kallikrein-3 (PSA/KLK3)	[10]
3.	Retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene (RB1) and TP53	[48,57,72,74]
4.	Forkhead Box A1(FOXA1)	[87]
5.	PTEN/AKT1	[72,85,115]
6.	RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST)	[45,116,117]
7.	Tumor suppressor CYLD	[48]
8.	SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF)	[48,118,119]
9.	Cyclin D1	[71]