Table 2.
RNA OVs.
| Family and Type Species | Name | Viral Genetic Modification | Exploited Cancer Pathway | Combination with other therapeutics | Refs | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paramyxoviridae (Negative ssRNA), Measles Virus (MV) | MV-Edm | Live attenuated Edmonston B strain | CD46 expression on cell surface | 104-106 | in vitro and mouse models | |
| MV-NIS | Human NIS insertion | CD46 expression on cell surface | Radio iodine therapy (131I) | 107 | in vitro and mouse models | |
| Paramyxovirus (ssRNA), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) | NDV/FMW | Unmodified oncolytic NDV, FMW strain | RAS hyperactivation | NO | 117 | in vitro, mouse models and clinical studies |
| Paramyxovirus (ssRNA), Sendai virus | BioKnife | M gene deletion and insertion of GFP gene Insertion of uPA cleavage site in F gene |
uPA activity | NO | 119 | in vitro and mouse models |
| Reoviridae (dsRNA), Reovirus | REOLYSIN | Unmodified oncolytic Reovirus | Defective (PKR) signaling RAS activation Defective antiviral response Cellular stress |
Low dose IR (PHASE II study for advanced cancer, partial response in one patient with thyroid carcinoma) | 54 | in vitro and mouse models |