Table 1.
Effect of thioctic acid on oxidative stress markers, MDA, GSH, and NO levels in addition to antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH peroxidase), in serum and renal homogenates of all groups
| Parameter | Sham | IR | IR + TA |
|---|---|---|---|
| MDA | |||
| Serum (nmol/L) | 5.10±0.23 | 170.29±9.71a,b | 99.36±5.48a,b |
| Kidney (nmol/mg protein) | 3.32±0.12 | 35.76±2.26a | 16.78±1.19a,b |
| NO | |||
| Serum (µmol/L) | 25.78±1.13 | 55.67±2.75a | 40.32±2.21a,b |
| Kidney (µmol/mg protein) | 0.51±0.04 | 0.83±0.08a | 0.66±0.06a,b |
| GSH | |||
| Serum (µmol/L) | 178.43±7.21 | 90.05±4.15a | 136.89±6.19a,b |
| Kidney (nmol/mg protein) | 43.88±3.21 | 25.34±1.15a | 35.89±2.87a,b |
| SOD | |||
| Serum (U/mg protein) | 145.35±8.01 | 80.74±4.22a | 110.87±6.12a,b |
| Kidney (U/mg protein) | 250.01±12.32 | 137.65±6.65a | 201.32±9.94a,b |
| CAT | |||
| Serum (U/mg protein) | 90.43±4.02 | 54.87±2.06a | 76.12±3.11a,b |
| Kidney (U/mg protein) | 105.33±5.24 | 60.65±2.82a | 83.03±3.91a,b |
| GPX | |||
| Serum (U/mg protein) | 70.35±2.41 | 36.74±1.22a | 58.67±2.54a,b |
| Kidney (U/mg protein) | 75.12±3.57 | 33.67±1.91a | 60.43±2.21a,b |
MDA=Malondialdehyde, GSH=Glutathione, NO=Nitric oxide, SOD=Superoxide dismutase, CAT=Catalase, GPX=Glutathione peroxidase, TA=Tioctic acid, IR=Ischemia–reperfusion. aIndicates significance of data comparing the sham group with other groups (P<0.001), bindicates significance of data comparing IR group with other groups (P<0.001)