Table 1.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of 30-day surviving and non-surviving patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SIH).
| Non-Surviving (n = 46) | Surviving (n = 54) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender female—n (%) | 17 (37.0) | 17 (31.5) | 0.67 |
| Age (years)—median (p 25–75) | 68 (57–74) | 59 (52–67) | 0.006 |
| Site of SIH—n (%) | 0.81 | ||
| Lobar | 33 (71.7) | 41 (75.9) | |
| Basal ganglia | 4 (8.7) | 3 (5.6) | |
| Thalamus | 3 (6.5) | 5 (9.3) | |
| Periventricular | 6 (13.0) | 5 (9.3) | |
| Volume of SIH (cc)—median (p 25–75) | 68 (29–99) | 38 (17–62) | 0.02 |
| Transtentorial herniation—n (%) | 1 (2.2) | 2 (3.7) | 0.99 |
| Midline shift (mm)—median (p 25–75) | 5 (0–11) | 1 (0–7) | 0.005 |
| Hydrocephalus—n (%) | 26 (56.5) | 21 (38.9) | 0.11 |
| Intraventricular hemorrhage—n (%) | 23 (50.0) | 17 (31.5) | 0.07 |
| Cause of SIH—n (%) | 0.07 | ||
| Hypertension | 30 (65.2) | 37 (68.5) | |
| Amyloid angiopathy | 4 (8.7) | 2 (3.7) | |
| Aneurysm | 0 | 3 (5.6) | |
| Arteriovenous malformation | 0 | 5 (9.3) | |
| OAT in therapeutic range | 6 (13.0) | 3 (5.6) | |
| OAT out of therapeutic range | 6 (13.0) | 3 (5.6) | |
| Fibrinolytic treatment | 0 | 1 (1.9) | |
| ICH score—median (p 25–75) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–2) | <0.001 |
| GCS—median (p 25–75) | 4 (3–6) | 8 (6–8) | <0.001 |
| APACHE-II score—median (p 25–75) | 24 (20–26) | 18 (14–20) | <0.001 |
| PaO2/FI02 ratio—median (p 25–75) | 289 (215–397) | 270 (189–350) | 0.40 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL)—median (p 25–75) | 0.80 (0.60–1.01) | 0.77 (0.68–0.90) | 0.36 |
| Sodium (mEq/L)—median (p 25–75) | 139 (135–143) | 139 (137–142) | 0.93 |
| Glycemia (g/dL)—median (p 25–75) | 170 (141–216) | 141 (118–190) | 0.01 |
| Lactic acid (mmol/L)—median (p 25–75) | 1.80 (1.30–2.55) | 1.70 (1.00–2.51) | 0.23 |
| INR—median (p 25–75) | 1.14 (1.02–1.87) | 1.10 (1.00–1.31) | 0.34 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dL)—median (p 25–75) | 382 (350–510) | 390 (280–493) | 0.34 |
| Platelets—median × 103/mm3 (p 25–75) | 198 (159–270) | 193 (145–252) | 0.57 |
| aPTT (s)—median (p 25–75) | 30 (24–34) | 29 (27–32) | 0.68 |
| Early evacuation of SIH—n (%) | 9 (19.6) | 18 (33.3) | 0.18 |
| Melatonin (pg/mL)—median (p 25–75) | 4.78 (3.90–11.10) | 2.62 (2.17–3.08) | <0.001 |
p 25–75 = 25th–75th percentile; OAT = Oral anticoagulant treatment; ICH = intracerebral hemorrhage; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; APACHE II = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; PaO2 = arterial oxygen pressure; FIO2 = fraction inspired oxygen; INR = international normalized ratio; aPTT = activated partial thromboplastin time.