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. 2019 Oct 22;10(10):832. doi: 10.3390/genes10100832

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Chromosomal localization of the germline-restricted repeats. (A) FISH of Germ1–7, repeats and telomeric/centromeric (liver C₀t2) probes on spermatid spreads, with DAPI counterstaining (grey or blue). (B) A karyogram of germline-restricted chromosomes (including a somatically-retained bivalent that cross-hybridizes with Germ1: labeled with an asterisk). This bivalent presumably encodes somatic ribosomal RNAs, which share sequence homology with Germ1 [19]. Each chromosome in the karyogram (B) is shown in four states: 1: grayscale DAPI counterstain; 2: hybridized with Germ1 (FITC, green), Germ2 (Cy3, red), and Germ 3 (Cy5, pseudocolored in yellow); 3: hybridized with Germ4 (FITC, green) and Germ5 (Cy3, red); 4: hybridized with Germ6 (FITC, green) and Germ7 (Cy3, red).