Table 2.

Literature review—age-related changes in renal function.

S. No.	Author, journal	Year	Design	Conclusion
1	Bolignano et al Aging Res Rev	2014	Review	• Renal aging is multifactorial • Low-advanced glycosylation end-product diets with high content in antioxidants currently represent the most plausible approach to maintain kidney health
2	Muslem et al Am J Cardiol	2017	Retrospective	• Age >60 years is an independent predictor for an impaired renal function and mortality
3	Denegri et al Catheter Cardiovasc Interv	2019	Prospective	• Postprocedural risk stratification using the simple ACEF-7 score significantly better predicted long-term outcome than commonly used risk scores
4	Weinstein and Anderson Adv Chronic Kidney Dis	2010	Review	• GFR stays at about 140 mL/min/1.73 m2 until the fourth decade; then GFR declines by about 8 ml/min/1.73 m2 each decade
5	Fliser et al Kidney Int	1997	Prospective	• GFR is preserved at the expense of an increased filtration fraction in a vasoconstricted kidney • Age-related abnormalities of renal function are more marked in patients with comorbid conditions
6	Delp et al J Physiol	2008	Prospective	• The impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation induced by old age is due to an altered nitric oxide signaling mechanism • The age-related deficit in flow-mediated vasodilatation appears to be the result, in part, of limited BH4 bioavailability

Abbreviations: ACEF, the age, creatinine, and ejection fraction; BH4, tetrahydrobiopterin; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.