Table 2.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) and their tumor markers [8].

GCTs	Markers
	AFP	β-hCG	LDH
Dysgerminoma	Normal	May be elevated	May be elevated
Yolk sac tumor	Elevated in all cases	Normal	May be elevated
Embryonal carcinoma	May be elevated	May be elevated	Elevated
Non-gestational choriocarcinoma	Normal	Elevated in all cases	Normal
Mature teratoma	Normal	Normal	Normal
Immature teratoma	May be elevated	Normal	Normal
Mixed germ cell tumor	May be elevated	May be elevated	May be elevated

GCTs, germ cell tumors; β-hCG, β-human chorionic gonadotropin; AFP α-fetoprotein; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase.